Trademark registration

Trademark registration led by a former USPTO examiner

A nationwide federal trademark practice built around direct attorney access, former-examiner experience, and a flat fee quoted in writing before filing.

John E. Dugger prepares and files U.S. federal trademark applications for founders, established businesses, and international applicants. Before founding The Branding Iron, he served as a Trademark Examining Attorney at the USPTO, the agency that will examine your application, and he uses that perspective to identify issues before they become refusals.

Who this service is for

Built for founders and businesses at different stages.

Founders launching a business

Clearing and filing the name before it appears on a website, packaging, or signage.

Existing businesses filing late

Registering a name that has been in use for some time but was never formally protected.

Businesses expanding into new goods or services

Adding classes as the product or service line grows beyond the original registration.

E-commerce sellers

Protecting a store, product, or brand name used across marketplaces and storefronts.

Service providers

Registering a name used to identify consulting, professional, creative, or software services.

International applicants

Foreign businesses and individuals seeking U.S. federal registration through Section 44 or Madrid Protocol extension.

Scope of engagement

What’s included, and what isn’t automatic.

Every engagement is confirmed in a written agreement. The summary below describes the firm’s typical registration scope.

What’s included

  • Intake and strategy discussion
  • Attorney-directed clearance search
  • Written risk assessment
  • Ownership and filing-basis review
  • Goods-and-services drafting
  • Specimen review for a use-based filing
  • Application preparation and filing
  • Routine status monitoring and reporting
  • One response to the first non-final USPTO Office Action, whether procedural or substantive
  • Ordinary intent-to-use attorney work for the originally engaged mark/classes through registration, including an appropriate Amendment to Allege Use or Statement of Use and up to five permitted extension requests; USPTO fees are additional

What’s not automatically included

  • Any later or final Office Action
  • Request for reconsideration or TTAB appeal
  • Consent or coexistence agreement
  • Survey, expert evidence, or unusually extensive third-party evidence project
  • Petition to revive, request to divide, or other extraordinary procedural filing
  • A response to a refusal arising from an Amendment to Allege Use or Statement of Use
  • Substantial corrective specimen or evidence work
  • Additional classes, goods, marks, or logo applications beyond the original engagement
  • Ownership or mark changes outside ordinary prosecution
  • TTAB oppositions or cancellations
  • Enforcement against third parties
  • International filings outside the U.S. application identified in the engagement
  • Post-registration maintenance and renewal filings
How it works

The process, step by step.

  1. Step 1

    Intake & conflicts check

    Before any substantive work begins, the firm confirms there is no conflict of interest and gathers the information needed to evaluate your mark and business.

  2. Step 2

    Search & legal assessment

    John conducts an attorney-directed clearance search and evaluates the results for likelihood-of-confusion and other registrability risk, then provides a written assessment.

  3. Step 3

    Filing strategy

    Based on the assessment, John recommends a filing basis (use-based or intent-to-use), an owner, and the classes and goods-and-services language to pursue.

  4. Step 4

    Draft review

    You review a draft of the application, including the identification of goods or services and any specimen, before anything is filed.

  5. Step 5

    Signature & filing

    Once you approve the draft and sign, John files the application with the USPTO.

  6. Step 6

    Examination

    A USPTO examining attorney reviews the application. The firm monitors for developments and reports them to you.

  7. Step 7

    Publication

    If the examiner approves the mark, it is published for opposition, giving third parties an opportunity to object before registration.

  8. Step 8

    Registration or Statement of Use stage

    A use-based application that clears publication proceeds to registration. An intent-to-use application instead moves to the Statement of Use (or Amendment to Allege Use) stage, where proof of use must be submitted before registration issues.

Filing basis

Use-based vs. intent-to-use.

A trademark application generally proceeds on one of two bases. A use-based application is filed after the mark is already in use in commerce for the goods or services listed, and requires a specimen showing that actual use. An intent-to-use application is filed when you have a good-faith intention to use the mark but are not yet using it, and proof of use is submitted later, through a Statement of Use, or an Amendment to Allege Use if the mark is put into use earlier in the process, before registration can issue.

Choosing the wrong basis, or filing before use actually exists, is one of the more common and avoidable problems John encounters when reviewing applications. Part of the intake and strategy step is confirming which basis accurately reflects your situation.

Intent-to-use coverage

Intent-to-use filing without surprise attorney bills at each extension stage.

For Full Filing clients, ordinary intent-to-use attorney work for the originally engaged mark and classes is included through registration. That includes preparing the appropriate use filing and, when the launch takes longer, up to five permitted six-month extension requests after the Notice of Allowance. You pay the USPTO fee for each filing, but no additional attorney fee for ordinary ITU prosecution. Petitions, division requests, corrective evidence projects, refusals arising from a use filing, appeals, and other extraordinary issues are separately quoted.

USPTO fees apply to each use or extension filing.

What to protect

Word mark vs. logo.

A word mark (sometimes called a standard character mark) protects the wording itself, regardless of font, color, or design. A logo or design-plus application protects a specific stylized presentation of a mark, which may include a word, a graphic element, or both, rendered exactly as shown in the drawing filed with the USPTO.

If your brand relies on both a distinctive name and a distinctive visual design, protecting each fully can require separate applications, since a word mark registration and a logo registration protect different things. John discusses which combination makes sense for your business during the strategy step, based on how the mark is actually used.

Flat fees

Pricing, shown before you sign.

The Branding Iron’s attorney fee for a registration engagement starts at $695 per mark, per class. This is separate from the USPTO’s own government filing fee, which is currently $350 per class (as of July 2026), paid directly to the USPTO and generally nonrefundable. A mark filed in two classes, for example, ordinarily carries a $1,390 attorney fee plus the applicable USPTO fees, unless a written quote states otherwise.

A standalone clearance search starts at $295. If you retain the firm for a Full Filing within 30 days after the search assessment, the full search fee will be credited toward the filing attorney fee.

Every engagement is quoted as a flat fee, in writing, before any work begins. See the firm’s full pricing page for a side-by-side breakdown, including what is and is not included at each tier.

What examiners flag

Why applications run into trouble.

Drawing on his time as a USPTO examining attorney, John looks for the following issues before an application is filed.

  • Similar marks already on the register. A likelihood-of-confusion refusal can arise from marks that are similar, not just identical, in appearance, sound, meaning, or commercial impression.
  • Descriptiveness. Wording that merely describes a feature, function, or characteristic of the goods or services can be refused as merely descriptive.
  • Genericness. A term that is the common name for the goods or services themselves cannot function as a trademark at all.
  • Incorrect owner. Filing in the name of the wrong person or entity is a common and sometimes difficult-to-fix error.
  • Specimen problems. A specimen that does not show the mark used in connection with the actual goods or services, or that shows only ornamental or informational use, can draw a refusal.
  • Indefinite identifications. Goods-and-services descriptions that are too vague, too broad, or not accepted USPTO wording can be refused or require amendment.
  • Filing-basis errors. Filing as use-based before use actually exists, or selecting the wrong basis for the applicant’s situation, can create problems that are harder to correct later than to avoid at filing.
Common questions

Questions about trademark registration.

Last updated July 2026.

How much does registration cost?
The Branding Iron’s attorney fee for a registration engagement starts at $695 per mark, per class, separate from the USPTO’s $350-per-class government filing fee (as of July 2026). The final scope and fee are confirmed in a written engagement agreement before work begins. See the firm’s pricing page for detail.
What is a trademark class?
A trademark class, sometimes described as an International Class, is a category the USPTO uses to organize goods and services. There are 45 classes covering everything from clothing to software to restaurant services. An application must identify the class or classes that match what you actually sell or provide, and the USPTO filing fee is charged per class.
How many classes do I need?
It depends on the goods and services your business actually offers or plans to offer under the mark. Some businesses need only one class; others, particularly those selling multiple product lines or offering both goods and services, need several. John reviews your business during intake to recommend the classes that reflect actual or intended use, rather than filing broadly for its own sake. See the guide to trademark classes for more detail.
Do I need to be using the name?
Not necessarily at the time of filing. If you are already using the mark in commerce, a use-based application is appropriate and requires a specimen. If you have a good-faith intention to use the mark but have not started yet, an intent-to-use application may be appropriate instead, with proof of use required later at the Statement of Use stage.
Should I file the name or the logo?
It depends on what you most need to protect and how the brand is actually used. A word mark protects the wording itself regardless of design; a logo application protects a specific stylized presentation. Businesses that rely on both a distinctive name and a distinctive design sometimes file separate applications for each. John discusses which approach fits your brand during the strategy step.
How long does registration take?
USPTO processing times change and vary by application. As of June 30, 2026, the USPTO reported an average of approximately 4.2 months to the first examining action and approximately 9.8 months to registration or abandonment. An Office Action, an intent-to-use extension, an opposition, or other issue can extend the timeline beyond these averages.
What happens if the USPTO refuses it?
A refusal, issued in a document called an Office Action, is not always the end of an application. Many refusals can be responded to with legal argument or amendment, though outcomes cannot be guaranteed and USPTO response deadlines are strict. The Branding Iron’s Office Action response service is built specifically for this situation.
Is a substantive Office Action response really included?
Yes. The Full Filing package includes one response to the first non-final USPTO Office Action, whether it raises procedural requirements, substantive refusals, or both. Later or final Office Actions, appeals, consent agreements, unusually extensive evidence projects, and work beyond the first response are separately quoted.
What intent-to-use work is included?
Ordinary attorney work for the originally engaged mark and classes is included through registration, including the appropriate Amendment to Allege Use or Statement of Use and up to five permitted extension requests. You pay the USPTO fee for each filing. Petitions, requests to divide, corrective evidence projects, refusals arising from a use filing, and other extraordinary work are separately quoted.
Is a search fee credited if I proceed with filing?
Yes. If you retain the firm for a Full Filing within 30 days after the search assessment, the full search fee will be credited toward the filing attorney fee.
Can you represent me if I live outside Tennessee?
Yes. Trademark registration is governed by federal law, not state law, and the firm represents applicants nationwide as well as foreign applicants who need U.S. counsel. John is based in Franklin, Tennessee, and admitted in Massachusetts; most engagements are handled remotely.
Does registration guarantee no one else can challenge the mark?
No. Registration does not eliminate every possible challenge. A published application can be opposed before registration, and a registered mark can potentially be challenged afterward through a cancellation proceeding or a dispute over prior rights. Results cannot be guaranteed, and a search or registration cannot guarantee the absence of all conflicting rights.
What information do you need to begin?
Generally: the proposed wording or logo, a description of the goods or services you offer or plan to offer, the correct legal owner of the mark (an individual or a specific business entity), whether the mark is already in use and since when, and any specimen showing that use. John gathers the specifics during intake before the search and assessment begin.
Book a free 15-minute fit call

Discuss your mark with the attorney who will file it.

Tell John what you are building and where you are in the process. You will leave the call with a clear next step and a written flat-fee scope before any work begins.